Soal Bedah Saraf

In what ventricular structure is cerebrospinal fluid not produced by the choroid plexus?

The jugular foramen often is divided into two parts: the pars nervosa and the pars vascularis. What structures commonly are found in the anteromedial compartment?

The meninges of the skull base arise from which embryological layer?

What artery often is associated with hemifacial spasm?

During a carotid endarterectomy, the internal carotidartery (ICA) is identified coursing posterior to the external carotid artery (ECA). What landmark is used to differentiate the external from the internal carotid artery during surgery?

On this spinal cord cross-sectional image, what letter corresponds to the location of the spinothalamic tract?

Proprioception sense is carried in what decussating tract?

Pain and temperature fibers from the face are relayed to what nucleus?

Corticospinal tracts terminate on which structures in the spinal cord?

The vertical crest (Bill’s bar) separates what two structures?

What incomplete spinal cord injury syndrome is associated with a poor prognosis for recovery and dissociated sensory loss?

The spinocerebellar tract (SCT) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. Which pathway is correct?

Where do climbing fibers originate?

A patient has a cerebellar lesion causing symptoms including a wide and staggering gait with little impairment of arm or hand movement, What is the likely location of such a lesion?

The ventral tegmental area sends projections through what neuroanatomic structure to the nucleus accumbens as part of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system (involved in reward circuitry)?

Afferents to the subthalamic nucleus originate in what structure?

What is the most effective thalamic target during deep brain stimulation to control tremor associated with Parkinson disease?

What tumor is least likely to metastasize to the brain?

What is the most common location for choroid plexus papillomas in adults?

What is the most likely diagnosis depicted on the diffusion-weighted MRI scan above?

How would the application of a fat-saturation pulse during MRI alter the signal characteristics of this lesion?

Which of the following characteristics is NOT observed with acoustic neuromas on MRI?

A premature neonate’s head ultrasound demonstrates intraventricular hemorrhage. The ventricles are dilated mildly. What is the infant’s subependymal hemorrhage grade?

What is the most common complication during resection of a lipomyelomeningocele during infancy?

What genetic condition carries the highest risk of developing intracranial meningiomas in the pediatric population?

Trigonocephaly is caused by premature closure of what skull suture during infancy?

A 9-year-old boy presents with headache, upgaze paresis, and a pineal region tumor. A cerebrospinal fluid analysis is performed showing elevated levels of P-HG. What tumor type is suspected?

What intracranial tumor is associated with polycythemia?

The MRI shown in this image suggests that the cause of the cervicothoracic syringomyelia in this child is due to:

What’s the most common asymptomatic side effect of ventriculopleural shunts?

What component is necessary to classify a Chiari malformation as type 3?

A 2-year-old boy presents with gait imbalance and progressive headaches. MRI suggests a posterior fossa tumor. Gross total resection and pathological analysis reveal an average risk medulloblastoma. The next adjuvant therapy step is

Which of the following characteristics is NOT observed in tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville disease)?

A 3-month-old boy is brought to vour office for an abnormally shaped head. The child is noted to have a flat occiput on the left, a left ear that is anterior to the right, and a prominent forehead and malar eminence on the left. What is the most likely etiology of this deformity?

A pregnant woman presents after a pelvic MRI, shown in this image, evaluated a fetal spina bifida lesion detected by ultrasound. She is being considered for a fetal in- utero repair. What are the gestational age limits (minimum and maximum) for consideration of fetal repair per the MOMs trial criteria?

Which of the following meningioma variants is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior?

What primary CNS neoplasm is associated with eosinophilic granular bodies?

What neoplasm is depicted in the following photomicrograph (H&E section)?

A 48-year-old female presented with headaches, nausea, and ataxia. The contrasted axial T1-weighted MRI below depicts what abnormality?

What is depicted in this noncontrasted axial T1-weighted MRI? The lesion did not exhibit enhancement with the administration of gadolinium.

How would the application of a fat-saturation pulse during MRI alter the signal characteristics of this lesion?

Which of the following characteristics is NOT observed with acoustic neuromas on MRI?

Deep brain stimulation in the setting of Parkinson disease is expected to result in brief minimal improvement to what characteristic of the disease?

Corpus striatum refers to what structure(s)?

What target for deep brain stimulation is thought to provide the best control of essential tremors?

In what ventricular structure is cerebrospinal fluid not produced by the choroid plexus?

Which structure forms the root of the temporal horn?

The jugular foramen often is divided into two parts: the pars nervosa and the pars vascularis. What structures commonly are found in the anteromedial compartment?

Embryologically, the pituitary is composed of the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis. Rathke cleft cysts are derived from the persistence of what primary germ layer?

At what day of human embryogenesis does the primitive streak first appear?