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All of the following statements are true except:
…………… fibrous serous sac that surrounds heart.
Blockage of which of the following arteries would lead to ischemia of the apex of the heart?
How many cusps does the right atrioventricular valve have?
In patients who present with a penetrating chest injury, injury to the heart is most likely when the following physical sign(s) is/are present:
Regarding airway assessment, which of the following statements is false?
Which maneuver generally is not performed early before chest compression in basic life support outside the hospital?
Which of the following statements regarding preoperative preparation prior to elective surgery is false?
A 60-year-old man underwent an emergency laparotomy for ischaemic bowel. On the second postoperative day, while still in ITU, his urinary output has reduced to 10 mL an hour. The catheter is not blocked. What is the most possible diagnosis?
The ASD most commonly associated with mitral insufficiency is:
A 2-month-old boy who appeared normal at birth has become cyanotic and is found to have a systolic ejection murmur over the pulmonic area and a boot-shaped heart on chest radiograph. The following is true, except:
Tetralogy of Fallot consists of all of the following features except:
Management of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy may include, except:
Which of the following arteries is most likely to be involved with serious atherosclerosis?
The following patients are best treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG):
A 58-year-old man is undergoing three-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting with replacement of the aortic valve. Multiple attempts to separate the patient from the heart-lung machine are unsuccessful. The surgeon decides that insertion of an intra-aortic balloon pump is indicated. Inthis patient, the primary goal of this procedure is increase in which of the following?
Which of the following statements about left ventricular aneurysm is false?
Which of the following is not an indication for aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis?
Which of the following is generally associated with mitral stenosis without regurgitation?
Which of the following statements about left atrial myxoma is false?
Which anticoagulation treatment plan(s) is/are appropriate for a 72-year-old man with a mechanical heart valve in place who takes Coumadin (warfarin) and now requires elective left colon resection?
Adequate flow during cardiopulmonary bypass is best indicated by:
Which of the following is NOT a potential complication of cardiopulmonary bypass?
A 9-year-old boy with hypertension has no palpable femoral pulses. Coarctation of the aorta is suspected. The following is true, except:
Within 2 hours of birth, a baby girl is obviously cyanotic and chest radiograph shows the heart to appear like “an egg on its side.” The following is true:
A premature infant in respiratory distress is found to have a continuous “machinery” murmur over the precordium. The following is true:
Concerning valvular heart disease, the following is true:
A 31-year-old male drug abuser presents with fever, chills and multiple bilateral lung abscesses. Right heart endocarditis is suspected. The following is true:
Concerning the physiology of the coronary circulation, the following is/are true:
In the medical management of coronary artery disease, the following is/are true:
A 52-year-old woman with chest pain is considered for coronary arteriography on the basis of her risk factors. The patient is found to have disease unsuitable for PTCA. Concerning operative revascularization (CABG) the following is true, except:
A 42-year-old asymptomatic attorney undergoes a routine exercise test which is reported positive for myocardial ischemia. The following is true, except:
The following is false concerning the anatomy of the conduction system:
Which one of these statements is false?
Which one of these is not an indication for surgical intervention in pneumothorax?
Which of the following statements is false?
A woman was brought to the emergency room with complaints of shortness of breath. On examination, the chest is asymmetrical, the left chest is more convex than the right one, it is lagging behind and on auscultation the breath sounds are faint. The doctor punctured the ribs with a needle. The patient’s condition then improved. What is the purpose of this action?
A middle-aged patient presents with spontaneous repeated haemoptysis, and clinical examination reveals no abnormal findings. Her chest radiograph is normal. What is the next procedure of choice?
The following statements are true about arterial stenosis and occlusion, except:
Which of the following about arterial occlusive disease statements is not true?
Which of the following statements about gangrene is false?
A 74-year-old man complains of epigastric discomfort and throbbing backache for 4 months. On examination he has a mass in his epigastrium extending on to umbilical region, which shows expansile pulsation. What is the possible diagnosis?
A 70-year-old man has been brought as an emergency complaining of sudden onset of severe left-sided abdominal pain radiating to the back. He has a systolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg, pulse rate of 120 per minute and is cold and clammy with a tender distended abdomen and a pulsatile mass. What is the possible diagnosis?
A 65-year-old man who underwent an anterior resection for rectal cancer complains of pain in his left calf on the first postoperative day. On examination he has low-grade pyrexia and the calf looks swollen with shiny skin and is tender. What is the possible diagnosis?
Which of the following statements is false about deep vein thrombosis?
A 23-year-old woman went to the emergency room with pain in her right back after falling from a motorcycle. Physical Examination: general condition is fine, there is a scar on the right hemithorax. The chest radiograph revealed a fracture of the 10th posterior right rib. What is the most appropriate action to take?
A 50-year-old man with history of lung cancer, complains of shortness of breath and coughing. chest photo image of the heart like a bottle. ECG of the heart swinging in the pericardial space. What is the most likely cause of shortness of breath:
A 50-year-old male is brought to a local emergency room after a motor vehicle collision. He is complaining o mild mid-sternal chest pain and has some bruising over the sternum. He is a healthy male with no cardiac history. CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis are unremarkable. Electrocardiogram shows normal sinus rhythm with a heart rate of 65 bpm. What is the most appropriate management of this patient?
A 21-year-old male sustained multiple injuries after he struck a tree while riding a motorcycle traveling at 60 mph. He was intubated at the scene or unresponsiveness. He was transported to your medical center and trauma evaluation was signifcant for a 2 cm right-sided rontal cerebral contusion, racture of ribs 2 through 6 on the right, right clavicle racture and moderate right pulmonary contusion. A right-sided chest tube was placed or large pneumothorax. Repeat chest film shows a persistent pneumothorax so a second chest tube was placed. A third set of chest film shows that the lung has re-expanded slightly but a moderate apical pneumothorax remains. The two chest tubes have a persistent large air leak present. The next step in this patient’s management should be:
A 70-year-old woman comes to the office because she has had claudication in her left hip and buttock during the past eight months. She says the symptoms occur after she walks approximately one block. Medical history includes type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Daily medications include amlodipine, atenolol, metformin, glyburide, and rosuvastatin. The patient has a 40–pack-year history of cigarette smoking. Physical examinationshows diminished left femoral pulse and absent left popliteal pulse. Right femoral and popliteal pulses are intact. Which of the following is the most likely site of arterial stenosis in this patient?
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